Verb Tenses: Qha Caij
Hmoob ibtxwm siv qha caij (verb tenses), tiamsis Hmoob tsis tau muaj xabtasnraj txuj (academic standard) ces sawvdaws siv qha caij sib chab sib chaws (inconsistent/un-oragnized). Thaum peb muab ua tibzoo xav, peb yeej muaj qha caij li lus Akiv (English) thiab. Yog peb siv li kev hais lus xwb los yeej tau, tiamsis yog peb yuav siv kom haum li tus xabtasnraj txuj ces peb yuav tau kho mejis thiab yuav tau siv thaum peb sau ntawv. Saib lub phaj teeb qha caij hauvqab no seb nej xav lis cas?
| Tense: Caij | Present: Nimno | Past: Dhau | Future: Tomntej |
| Simple
Ncajqha |
I ride drive a car.
Kuv tsav lub tsheb. |
I drove a car.
Kuv tau tsav lub tsheb. |
I will drive a car.
Kuv yov tsav lub tsheb. |
| Continuous
Tabtom |
I am driving a car.
Kuv tabtom tsav lub tsheb. |
I was driving a car.
I tabtom tau tsav lub tsheb. |
I will be driving a car.
Kuv yov tabtom tsav lub tsheb. |
| Perfect
Ibtxwm |
I have driven a car.
Kuv ibtxwm tsav lub tsheb |
I had driven a car.
Kuv ibtxwm tau tsav lub tsheb. |
I will have driven a car.
Kuv yov ibtxwm tsav lub tsheb. |
| Perfect continuous
Ibtxwm tabtom |
I have been driven a car.
Kuv ibtxwm tabtom tsav lub tsheb. |
I had been driven a car.
Kuv ibtxwm tabtom tau tsav lub tsheb. |
I will have been driven a car.
Kuv yov ibtxwm tabtom tsav lub tsheb. |
Ncajqha, tabtom, thiab ibtxwm wim li tsis txawv luaj twg, tiamsis ibtxwm tabtom mas wim li txawv heev. Txawm li ntawd los nws yeej yuav bliaglias rau peb tsis ntev tomntej no.
| Street language/Lus tog kev | Academic language/Lus txuj |
| He/she eat rice today.
Hnub no nws noj mov. |
He/she eats rice today.
Hmub no nws noj mov. |
| He/she eat rice yesterday.
Naghmo nws noj mov. |
He/she ate rice yesterday.
Naghmo nws tau noj mov. |
| He/she eat rice tomorrow.
Tagkis nws noj mov. |
He/she will eat rice tomorrow.
Tagkis nws yov noj mov. |
Mekas yeej tsis hais lus li kem 1 vim lawv yeej kawm ntawv. Tiamsis yog ho muaj tus hais li ntawd los sawvdaws yeej totaub thiab yeej tsis txhaum leej twg. Peb Hmoob tseem pheej siv li kem 1 xwb vim peb yeej tsis tau muaj lus txuj (academic language): peb tsis muaj cwjkais kabntaw. Thaum peb hais lus tseemceeb, hais dejnum, hais plaubtug, thiab sau ntawv, peb yuav tsum siv lus txuj. Cov neeg uas muaj tebchaws yeej tsim tus cwjkais kabntaw rau lawv cov neeg siv. Peb tsis muaj tebchaws es peb tsim tus cwjkais kabntaw ua dabtsi? Yog peb yuav khaws peb tej txujci (literature), peb tej Kablis kevcai (culture), thiab peb zaj livxwm (history) kom meej thiab yog Hmoob li ces peb yuav tsum siv peb li ntawv thiab peb li cwjkais kabntaw. Yog peb siv lwm hais neeg li ntaubntawv los khaws peb tej txujci, kablis kevcai, thiab livxwm ces ntau yam yuav tsis yog Hmoob li lawm. Piv li, yawg, pog, niamtais yawm txiv mus ciaj ua grandpa thiab grandma; pauj yawg laus, txiv txawm, niam txawm, txiv hlob niam hlob mus ciaj ua aunt thiab uncle; Loojceeb mus ciaj Long Cheng; Thoj mus ciaj ua Thao, Thow, Thor, Tao; Hawj mus cia ua Her, Herr, Heur, Heu; Lauj mus cia ua Lor, Lao, Lo; Yaj mus cia ua Yang and Young; wawv, wawg, wawm mus ciaj ua Ger thiabYer; etc. Vim li no nyias haiv neeg thiaj yuav tsum muaj nyias ntawv.