Phau ntawv hauv qab no yog leeskais Lee Thao (Nyiajlis Thoj) thiab leeskais Michael Yang (Numtxoov Yaaj) sau thaum gawv tseem qhia ntawv rau cov menyuam Hmoob hauv Edison High School, lub nroog Minneapolis. Daim duab phau ntawv yog cov meyes uas kawm ntawv lub caij ntawd. Xyoo 1990 – 2000, cov meyes Hmoob thiab tug puav meyes txawv teb chaws los kawm ntawv Hmoob ntawm leeskais Lee Thao. Sawvdaws kub siab kawm haislus, txislus, sau zajlus, sau pajhuam, nyeem ntawv, xyaum hais kwvtxhiaj, thiab hais lustaum. Lub caij ntawd, ntau leej xav kawm ntawv Hmoob vim lawv tseem tsis tau paub lus Akiv (English) zoo. Txoj kev uas lawv yuav sau thiab kawm tau ntau yam li hais los saud yog lawv yuav tsum kawm lawv cov ntawv Hmoob. Vim ntawv Hmoob, lawv muaj peevxwm nthuav lawv tej tswvyim thiab kev txawjje. Cov meyes uas sau tau pajhuam zoo yog cov meyes uas paub lus Hmoob ntau. Kev sau pajhuam yog lub qhov rooj uas coj meyes mus nrhiav lus Hmoob thiab kawm lus Hmoob.
I. Pib hauv paus
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws uas koj yuav pib sau ib zajlus yog koj yuav tsum paub yam uas koj yuav sau ntawd yog dab tsi.
Pivtxwv
Tejyam uas koj nyiam sau:
• Cov tibneeg hauv lub bav (bus)
• Yog ua li cas cov niam thiab txiv thiaj tsis hnov menyuam tej lus
• Tej yeeb-yam hauv (TV)
• Kuv tus leeskais qhia zauv
• Tej tibneeg laib phem
Ntawv xovxwm
Siv sij-hawm ib lub limtiam, nyeem ntau yam ntawv xovxwm hauv zos. Tomqab nyeem tas lawm, muab tej tswvyim sau cia seb yog lawv muab qov twg los. Sawvdaws sib tham ua ib ke seb tej tswvyim uas yoojyim thiab nyuaj tshaj yog los qov twg los.
Xyaum
Muab ib phauntawv coj los sau ib co tswvyim ntau ntau cia baj pab koj nrhiav cov hautshaj (topics). Teb cov lus nram no rau hauv koj phauntawv.
• 5 tug tibneeg uas ci-hloov (influence) kuv
• 5 phauntawv los yog 5 zaj xisnes (movies) uas kuv nyiam
• 5 qhov xwmtxheej (events) uas kuv nco tau zoo tshaj plawg (zoo siab, txajmuag, etc.)
• 5 yaam uas kuv xav ua
II. Baj Cuabyeej Rau Koj Lub Hautshaj (topic)
Thaum koj xaiv tau koj lub hautshaj lawm los yog koj tug leeskais muab ib lub hautshaj rau koj lawm, koj yuav tsum nrhiav ntau yam qhovtxuj (resources) los pab koj lub hautshaj.
Pivtxwv
Yog koj tus leeskais muab ib lub hautshaj dav dav li (TV) rau koj sau, koj yuav tsum muab lub hautshaj txo kom nqaim; xws li, “ib tug tub ua yeebyaam nyob hauv (TV)”, thiab nrhiav koj lub tswv yim mus li no:
• Nyiam hnav ris-tsho xamkoos dub los ris-tsho dai pawj
• Ua tsis tau ib yam zoo li ncauj gig-guav
• Ib tug phab-ej los Ib tug naas-ej
• Ris-tsho zoogauj thiab plaub-hau ntev wheeyees
• Tawv qhawv los lus mos muag
• Dhuav lossis geeg mloog
Nrhiav hauv xovxwm
Nyeem txog tej tug sau txog ib zaj yeeb-yam los ib lub khwmov hauv ib daim ntawv xovxwm thiab sau tej tswv-yim uas lawv muab ntawd qhov twg los ca. (Ib yam li: lub khwmov (restaurant) dabtsi, zaub mov kim baum li cas, tej rooj pua ntaub dabtsi, etc…). Tus sau xav li cas rau lub khwmov ntawd. Sau nws cov lus xav rau ntawm ib sab thiab nug koj tias yuav nrhiav cov qhovtxuj (resources) ntau baum li cas los sau ib zajlus li 500 lolus. Nug koj tus kheej tias kuv xav paub dabtsi txog yam no wiv. Sau cov lus ntawd rau ntawm ib sab zajlus uas koj nyeem.
Xyaum
Thaum cov meyes nrhiav tau ntau ntau lub hautshaj lawm, kom lawv ib tug xaiv ib lub hautshaj thiab nrhiav tej ntaub ntawv uas yuav pab lawv sau lawv zajlus. Kom lawv sib nug seb puas tshuav dabtsi wiv thiab kom lawv pab sib qhia.
III. Nrhiav qhov jianrawv (focus)
A. Kablus cogjia (Thesis statement)
Koj muaj cov cuabyeej rau lub hautshaj tas lawm. Tamsim no koj yuav tsum nug koj tus keej tias: Cov jiavlus kuv yuav sau yog dabtsi? Cov jiavlus yuav tsum txheem (support) kablus cogjia (thesis statement). Kablus cogjia yuav tsum luv, meej, thiab ki rau koj cov kablus hautshaj ntawm koj zajlus.
Xyaum
Nyeem 3 zajlus (essays) hauv ib daim ntawv xovxwm phab tswjkho (editorial page). Kos ib txoj kab rau hauvqab cov kablus cogjia thiab kos voj rau cov jiavlus (details).
B. Bezeej (title)
Xaiv lub bezeej kom yoojyim thiab wim nyiam. Lub bezeej no yuav tsum luv, muaj sia, thiab ncajncees.
Pivtswv
“Ua Gaujfa” meej thiab yog lus dua li “Tawm Tsev”.
Xyaum
Nrhiav 5 lub bezeej hauv ntawv xovxwm uas muaj cov be-txawm (nouns) thiab cov qha (verbs) uas muaj kuab. Saib phab ntawv uas lawv sau txog fuamkhaj (sports), koj yuav nrhiav tau cov bezeej muaj kuab thiab muaj ceem.
IV. Juglug (Paragraph)
A. Ntojlug (Definition)
Juglug yog ib pawg kablus uas nyob uake. Pawg kablus no muaj kablus hautshaj (topic sentence) thiab cov kablus txheem kablus hautshaj (supporting sentences). Cov kablus no yuav tsum muab teebtum kom raws li tus qhauv (plan), xws li pausjis (chronogical), pibxaus (order) tseemceeb rau tsis tseemceeb etc. Cov kablus yuav tsum sau kom dhos thiab totaub yoojyim.
Pivtxwv
Nyeem juglug hauv qabno. Nrhiav kablus hautshaj thiab cov kablus pibxaus li cas.
Ntawv xovxwm muaj kev pab ntau yam. Qhov ib, lawv pab qhia neeg txog xwmtxheej (events) hauv lub qabntuj no thiab hauv cov zejzog. Lawv tseem muaj tej duab rau sawvdaws pom, xwsli cov duab taslauv (cartoons), thiab kev tso dabros (humor). Tsis tasli, ntawv xovxwm tseem pab qhuabntuas neeg nyob rau phab muabtswvyim (advice column), phab qhia ua ub-no, phab xav kom ua, thiab phab tshajtawm. Ntawv xovxwm yog ib txoj kev sib txuas lug rau cov tibneeg hauv zejzog thiab huv qabntuj.
Xyaum
Leeskais muab kablus hautshaj, “ Txij li kuv nco tau, kuv yeej ib txwm jhai _____________.” Cov meyes yuavtsum sau juglus no kom tiav thiab muab piav rau sawvdaws mloog. Cov meyes yuav tshuaj seb cov kablus puas txheem kablus hautshaj thiab puas sib dhos sib raws zoo. Puas muaj tej yam uas lawv tseem xav paub wiv txog lub hautshaj no.
B. Puabpawg (Unity)
Ib julus yuav tsum sib koom ua puabpawg thiab txheem kablus hautshaj xwb. Txhua kablus yuav tsum txheem kablus hautshaj ncajnraim (direct) lossis rovnraim (indirect). Cov kablus txheem ncajdaim yog cov kablus txheem theem 1 hos cov kablus txheem rovnraim yog cov kablus txheem theem 2.
Pivtxwv
Saib juglus pivtxwv ntawm “IV, A” uas nyob saud. Kablus hautshaaj yog kablus 1; cov lus uas yuav piav rau hauv juglus ntawd yog “ntau yam.” Kablus 2, kablus 3, thiab kablus 4 yog cov kablus txheem (support) kablus hautshaj. Kablus 5 yog kablus xaus rau juglus ntawd.
Xyum
Nyeem ib tsab xovxwm Hmoob thiab tshuaj xyuas seb cov juglus puas ua ib puabpawg, puas muaj kablus hautshaj thiab cov kablus txheem. Puas muaj tej kablus nyob tsis yog chaw lossis tsis txheem kablus hautshaj. Kos qabkab(underline) kablus hautshaj thiab ua voj rau cov kablus txheem.
C. Tuavpawg (coherence) thiab teebtum (arrangement)
Txawm yog koj cov kablus khi rau ib lub hautshaj los koj yuav tsum muab cov kablus ntawd sau kom sibkhi: muaj pausjis. Ib txoj kev uas koj cov kablus yuav tuavpawg (coherence) yog los ntawm txoj kev teebtum raws daim qauv (plan). Tej zaug koj sau raws kev pibxaus (process) lossis kev yaumseej (persuading): kom cov nyeem tuaj koj seem. Txoj kev teebtum (arrangement) cov kablus yuav pab kom koj nrhiav tau lub homxav (purpose). Cov kev teebtum uas neeg nyiam siv yog: pausjis (chronological), kab-kis (spatial), pibxaus (order/process), pivzeej (comparison), thiab dav/nqaim (general/specific).
Xyaum
Leeskais nrhiav cov xovxwm uas cov kev teebtum li tau hais saud rau cov meyes nyeem thiab nrhiav cov qauv ntawd
D. Tuavpawg (Coherence) thiab Khitxuas (Transition)
Cov khawvlus khitxuas (transition) txuas cov kablus hauv juglus thiab pab rau cov nyeem kom caum tau txoj kev xav ntawm lub tswvyim tomntej thiab tomqab. Khitxuas teb cov nyeem lolus nug tias, tsamno peb yuav mus rau qhov twg lawm?
Pivtxwv
a. Kev huamvam (progression) hauv caijnyoog lossis hauv kev xislis (series): Ces, ibtsam, lwmhnub, lwmzaug, es, ib, ob, uantej nov, kawg nov.
b. Kev pivxam (illustration): pivtxwv, xwsli
c. Kev rawsciam (logical): tabsis mas, txawm li los, qhovtseeb mas.
d. Txuj haukev: nuav, tod, ntawd, tom-ub, sabxis, sablaug, pemtoj, nramhav
Xyaum: Leeskais nrhiav cov xovxwm los phauntawv uas mauj tej lus khitxuas rau cov meyes nyeem thiab kom lawv kos voj rau cov lus khitxuas ntawd.
E. Tuavpawg thiab suabsab (Echo Effect)
Juglus yuav tuavpawg zoo thaum muaj suabsab whe thoobplaws juglus ntawd. Nws yuav muaj peevxwm ua tau li no los ntawm kev siv cov lus xwsjiab (synonyms), cov lus txeebze (related), thiab cov betheej (pronouns) uas firau (refers) cov tswvyim tseemceeb. Cov lus hais no wivkhov (reinforce) lub niam tswvyim.
Xyaum
Rua ib tsulug kws koj taabtom sau, sau koj cov tswvyim tseemceeb hab sau ntau txuj kev kws koj muaj peevxwm yuav ua kuam koj cov tswvyim ntse. (Pivtxwv tas: Yog koj taabtom thaam txug koj nam tug yaamntxwv zoo rua cov quaspuj kws ua haujlwm, tejzag koj yuav siv cov lug xwsle: “Ib leej nam zoo kawg le” (supermom), “ib tug qha kuam xyum ua zoo” (mentor), “ib tug nyam paab tuabneeg” (liberated), “ib tug paub coj” (balanced).
F. Juglus Cobzeem (introductory paragraph)
Cov nyeem ntawv xovxwm siv 5 vibnasthis (5 seconds) los txiavtxim tias yuav nyeem los tsis nyeem ib zajlus. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum hais tejyam uas rub lawv lub siab. juglug cobzeem (introductory paragraph) yuav tsum muaj: 1) muaj txuj (subject), 2) muaj qhuasmaim (meaning) 3) muajj haukev (direction) 4) muaj zeemtsom (perspectivethiab 5) muaj khauj-khaum (structure.
Pivtxwv
Siv cov tswvyim saum no rau tom hauvntej.
a. Nug txog yam uas sawvdaws paub tias muaj tseeb.
b. Hais txog yam txawv lossis txaus jhai.
c. Muab tej yam luv thiab txawv hais uantej.
d. Hais kom qaim qaim rau ib zaj uas coob-leej paub.
e. Siv lwm tus kablus uas ze yam koj yuav sau.
f. Piv txog tej yam sis txawv thaum ub thiab nimno.
Xyaum
Muab cov juglus cobzeem tau cov meyes nyeem thiab kom savdaws txiamtxim seb lawv puas yuav nyeem tompab 5 vibnasthis. Piav seb vim li cas thiaj nyeem thiab thiaj tsis nyeem.
G. Juglus Xaus (concluding paragraph)
Nco joov tias tibneeg nco qhov uas lawv nyeem ua qab zoo tshaaj. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum sau lus-sua (summary) rau tej yam tseemceeb thiab nqus siab rau hauv juglus xaus thiab nthuav kev xav thiab kev taw rau cov nyeem.
Pivtxwv
Cov kev xaus ib zajlus:
a. Sau ib julug tseemmeej (logical) xaus taagjho dlaim ntawv.
b. Siv lwm tug cov lug (quotation) cov lug sua koj cov lug ua ib ke.
c. Siv ib zaaj suavdlawg totaub coj lug qha kuam puab totaub lub jab.
d. Qha tas yaam nqaim nqaim koj has muaj feem rua yaam dlaav le caag.
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zaj xovxwm thiab sib tham tseb tus sau juglus xaus puas zoo. Puas siv tau los tsi tau? Yog vim li cas?
H. Paub Caij Hloov Juglus
Cov zajlus yeej muaj ntau juglus. Yog li, koj yuav tsum paub caij hloov juglus: hloov thaum koj hloov sijhawm, hloov chaw, hloov tus neeg hais, hloov ib lub tswvyim mus rau lwm lub tswvyim. Qhov zoo, koj baj tus qauv (outline) uantej rau hauv koj lub hlwb lossis hauv koj daim ntawv. Yog koj ua li hais no ces koj yeej paub meej thaum twg koj hloov juglus txuas wiv.
Xyaum
Muab ib zaj xovxwm cov juglus los sib txuas es kom cov meyes nyeem seb lawv puas ntes tau cov jug pib qhov twg.
V. Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo (Principal of Good Writing)
A. Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo: Zam tej lus tsuagkuab (cliches) Lus tsuagkuab yog cov khawvlus uas raug siv heev thiab tsis muaj kuab lawm. Txoj kev sau ntawv zoo, koj yuav tau ua tib zoo xav thiab xaiv tej lus kom meej thiab muaj tseeb. Nco-joov, yog koj siv lus tsuagkuab, txoj kev txuas lus ntawm tus nyeem thiab koj yuav sib plam.
Pivtxwv
• Ncaj li xibxub.
• Ghaus li rab liag.
• Niam txais tog txiv txais nta – tshav ntuj puag nram qab ha.
Xyaum
Nrhiav 5 lolus hauv ntaub ntawv lossis tej lus uas koj paub tias yog lus tsuagkuab thiab baj tham koj cov lolus nrog lwm tus.
B. Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo: zam cov lus “mag”, “raug”, thiab “muab”. Peb lolus no yog cov lolus hnyav thiab cov heev. Yog li koj thiaj yuav tau zam cov lolus no.
Pivtxwv
• Phau ntawv raug kuv dua (5 lolus). Kuv dua phau ntawv (4 lolus).
• Koj mag kuv cem(4 lolus). Kuv cem koj (3 lolus).
• Tus miv muab tus nas tom (6 lolus). Tus miv tom tus nas (5 lolus).
Xyaum
Sau 5 kablus uas muaj lolus mag, raug , thiab muab. Rov sau cov kablus dua kom txhob muaj 3 lolus ntawd lawm.
C. Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo: Sau cov lus meejtseeb (Consiseness). Zajlus zoo muaj cov lus luv thiab meej.
Pivtxwv
• Muaj ib tug miv tuag nyob saum ru-tsev. -Ib tug miv tuag saum ru-tsev.
• Nyob ntawm tus ntoo muaj ib tug kab. -Tus kab nyob ntawm tus ntoo.
• Kuv paub tseeb tias nws pheej tuaj qeeb. -Kuv paub nws pheej tuaj qeeb.
• Ntaj yog tus neeg uas nyiam tua dais. -Ntaj nyiam tua dais.
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zajlus thiab nrhiav cov kablus uas muaj tej lus tsis meejtseeb. Sau cov kablus ntawd thiab kho kom muaj cov lus meejtseeb xwb.
D Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo: Sau cov lus meej (Precision). Yog koj xaiv cov lus meej sau, neeg yuav totaub koj zoo dua. Koj hais lus paj los neeg txais raug thiab koj txi txiv los luag paub.
Pivtxwv
• Tomqab nws niam tas simneej, nws tu tu siab. -Tomqab nws niam tas simneej, nws kua muag pheej poob thaum muaj neeg tuav txog nws niam lub be.
• Luag tej laus hais tias, “Ua qoob los baj tshaib; tu tubki los baj laus.” Yog li, nej leejtwg yog tus pom nej niam tu siav? -Luag tej laus hais tias, “Ua qoob los baj tshaib; tu tubki los baj laus.” Yog li, nej leejtwg yog tus pom tus dej tu nrho ntawm tus ciav?
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zajlus thiab nrhiav cov kablus uas sau tau tsis meej. Sau cov kab-lus ntawd thiab muab kho kom meej.
E Tswvyim Rau Kev Sau Ntawv Zoo: Siv ntau hom kablus. (Sentence Variety) Koj twb tau kawm tias koj yuav tsum siv cov lus tseemceeb xwb, tiamsis qhov ntawd tsis tau qhia tias koj yuav tsum siv kablus luv. Yog koj sau cov kablus luv lossis yoojyim ntau, neeg yuav pom tias koj tseem hlob tsis tau txaus (tswvyim menyuam yaus). Yog li, koj yuav tsum txhob pib kablus li qub tas mus li. Koj yuav muab cov kablus sib txuas kom ntev. Nco joov xam cov lolus txuaskaj (coordination and subordination).
Pivtxwv
• Juglus tsis zoo: Kuv txiv yog tus neeg coj nruj. Nws pheej nthe peb. Tej thaum nws lam tau lam nthe. Nws hais tias nws nthe peb rau qhov zoo xwb. Kuv tsis xav tias nws nthe peb rau qhov zoo. Nws tsuas nthe kom nws siab nqig xwb.
• Juglus zoo: Kuv txiv, tus neeg coj nruj, pheej lam tau lam nthe peb. Txawm nws hais tias nws nthe rau qhov zoo los kuv tsis xav li ntawd. Qhov tseeb, nws tsuas zeem nthe kom nws siab nqig xwb.
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zajlus thiab nrhiav ib juglus uas sau tau tsis zoo. Sau juglus ntawd thiab muab nws kho kom zoo.
VI. Kho-dua (Revision)
Txoj kev sau ntawv, cov kws sau yeej tsis yuav thawj zajlus. Thawj zajlus no yog zajlus uas lawv sau cov lusxav; cov tomqab yog cov uas lawv kho tej lusxav ntawd kom meej thiab kom jiav rawv rau lub homphaj. Txoj kev rov kho-dua yog qhov uas koj yuav tau nug cov lus li nram no: 1) Kuv sau ua dabtsi thiab qhov kuv sau puas meej? 2) Sau raws tus qauv uas kuv tau baj puas ncav kuv lub homphaj? 3) Kuv tej jiavlus uas txheem zajlus puas xaus thiab puas meej? 4) Ntu twg yog ntu uas kuv yuav hais kom cuabceem rau ntu txuas wiv? 5) Cov neeg nyeem ntawv xav paub dabtsi wiv?
Pivtxwv
Txoj kev kho-dua yog qhov uas cov tub sau ntawv rov tawm tswvyim thaum lawv tabtom sau ntawv. Lawv yuav tau baj ib cov lus los sib nug, xws li hais tias koj xav li cas rau kuv cov lolus, cov kablus, thiab kuv zajlus?
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zajlus thiab sau cov lus li nram no rau tom ntug: 1. Hais li kablus no meej kawg. 2. Yog hloov lolus “___” no rau lolus “___” no, kablus yuav meej dua. 3. Ob kablus no tsim nyog muab sib lo ua ib kab-lus.
VII. Pivxus (Literacy Device)
Sibplis, sibxws, thiab pivneeg yog cov pivxus uas piv ob yam khoom. Txoj kev sib piv no yog qhov uas ua kom tus nyeem pom yam koj piav tseeb thiab meej.
Pivtxwv
Sibplis: Dawb Lee zoo li tus tus dev uas tom tsis hloov kaus li. Sibxws: Phauj Maib lub suab hu gauj nrov whe nqho li kab nqos vias lub suab. Pivneeg: Tomqab lub log luv zuav, lub luv khiav ceg tawv pluav.
Xyaum
Sau 6 kablus: 2 kablus sibplis, 2 kablus sibxws, thiab 2 kablus pivneeg.
VIII. Tseebpheej vs zeemjeeg (Fact vs opinion)
Tseebpheej yog yam uas muaj tseeb nrog puavpheej; piv li lub zos muaj 100 yimneeg; koj muaj cuabkav mus suav tau cov yimneeg lossis nug tau tus tswvzos kom nws qhia rau koj. Zeemjeeg tsis zoo li tseebpheej; koj tsuas jeeg raws li koj totaub thiab kev xav xwb.
Pivtxwv
Tseebpheej: Bawv mob jws. (Puavpheej ntawv kho mob) Zeemntseeg: Bwv haus luamyeeb heev; kuv xav tias nws yuav mob jws. (Tsis tau muaj puavpheej, xav xwb) Zeemjeeg sau li tseebpheej: Qhov uas lub txiv epauj liab saum lub qia yog tshavntuj ziab. Zeemntseeg sau li zeemntseeg: Qhov uas lub txiv epauj liab saum lub qia tej zaum yog tshavntuj ziab.
Xyaum
Nyeem ib zajlus thiab nrhiav cov kablus uas yog tseebpheej thiab zeemjeeg.
IX. Hom (Style)
Hom yog hais txog kev xaiv lolus, kev xaiv kablus, kev xaiv luspaj, kev rov hais qub lus, thiab kev sau kom xwmyeem.
Pivtxwv
Lolus: Lolus nyuaj, lolus yoojyim, ntau lolus ua ke, lus tham pem, los lus tseemceeb. Kablus: kablus ntev, kablus tu, kablus tso tej lolus rovqab. Lithauj: Lusnug, hais qub lus, xwmyeem. Pivxus: Sibplis, sibxws, thiab pivneeg. Suab-lus: Dagjuav, khovguav, meejpem, los temtoob.
Xyaum
Nyeem koj cov zajlus uas koj tau sau los lawm thiab nug li nram no: a. Qhov kuv sau tau zoo tshaj yog: (Kuv siv cov lolus meej) b. Qhov kuv sau tau phem tshaj yog: (Tsis paub nres; kablus tu) c. Kev kho qhov kuv ua tau tsis zoo: (Nyeem tus cwjkais kabntaw).
X. Tsoomtxais (Audience)
Thaum koj tabtom sau koj zajlus, koj yuav tau nug koj tias, “Kuv sau zajlus no rau leejtwg, thiab kuv xav kom zajlus no txhawb-hloov tus neeg mloog lub tswvyim ntawd li cas? “ Nco-joov, cov lolus thiab cov kablus uas koj xaiv yog cov uas yuav coj koj mus hais rau cov tsoomtxais: cov neeg uas yuav nyeem koj zajlus. Yog koj baj peemrees rau ib pab neeg xwb, nws yuav pab kom koj sau tau jiavrawv thiab meejpem.
Pivtxwv
Koj cov tsoomtxais muaj feem txhawb-hloov koj kom koj qhia tej yam sib txawv. Pivli, koj ua luv sib tsoo thiab koj yog tus txhaum. Koj yuav qhia li cas rau koj txiv thiab koj tus phoojywg zoo? Rau koj txiv: “Wb tsis nco sib pom; wb thiaj ncaj qhwbqha rau hau kev sib tsuam es wb thiaj sib tsoo.” Rau tus phoojywg: “Niag jejmuag vaubkib ntawd leeb luv li nws tsis muaj txha; kuv thiaj xa ua nws lub luv pluav tas.”
Xyaum
Sau ib tsab ntawv rau koj ib tug phoojywg thiab qhia tias muaj neeg ua tsis ncajncees rau koj. Sau tej kev tsis ncajncees ntawd thiab piav tias yog vim li cas koj thiaj jeeg tias lawv ua tsis ncajncees.